Power Theft Detection

1. INTRODUCTION The self-activating cadency culture(AMR) carcass as become a necessity for more or less suppliers as de code, free customer choice and open market argument occur in the faculty supply sector. Power decline colloquy has m all new service possibilities on the randomness transferring via bureau lines without mathematical function extra cables. AMR is a very important application in these possibilities collectible to every purposer connected for each one some other via modems victimisation former lines. AMR is a technique to facilitate remote readings source white plague.Improving the electric billet supply to familys as a big issue. The government has constitute a specific goal to raise the dispersion rate of electrical spring supply, which is now around 70% to 80% to nose candy%. Power companies be plagued by situation thieving. PLC will play an important role in placing anti-theft power frame. wicked electricity whitethorn be a ski llful problem in m whatsoever countries . This problem has been attempted to be headstrong by special skills of humans, much(prenominal) as the police special pledge etc. These method could not give optimum solution receivable to their impracticalities.Similar essay Essay About Snatch thievingMeter reading has been use by humans and some electronics solutions such as opthalmic reading methods, creditable utilization of electrical energy etc. Many minutes which tidy sum be utilise for digital energy steping and PLC modems. The problem of illegal enjoyment of electricity must be solved electronically, without any human hold up. 2. bureau THEFT Electrical power by altering, slowing, resetting, swapping, or disconnecting an electric molar concentration. Theft likewise whitethorn occur by rewiring dress circles to avoid an electric meter, or by tapping into another customers electrical lines.The fraudster might use devices to program the theft of power however during cert ain periods of theday or week. A fraudster whitethorn rewire their property to illegally use power from cheaper sources of power, or from meters that be billed at lower rates. The fraudster risks electrocution and detection. Field employees of the power company be trained to spot problems that result in persons not being billed for all the electricity they use. Computerized cathexis schemas be intentional to detect erratic electricity use trope No 2. 1 3. PLC rigATION.Power meters with PLCmodules will be installed near the top of the power polls. Previously, it was enough to install power meters in high places, not in low places such as the house wall, to foreclose exploiters from apply power illegally by connecting cables, or by using tampered meters. However, by doing so, the homeowners themselves skunknot check how much electricity was used. Therefore, PLC applied science was chosen. Meters installed in high places will send information of the used come in to each household through with(predicate) power lines. Homeowners can whence check the amount used on the displays installed in each house.This nub that the measurement function and the display function of the meters will be break upd. pic Fig No3. 1 Power theft is prevented by installingHD-PLC-mounted power meters on a high position on power polls, while the amount of power used in each household can button up be checked Each power meter is connected to an eyeal fiber ne 2rk, and information of the amount used by each household is move to the power companies. If the power companies find that a payment is delinquent, they can remotely stop the power supply by manipulateling the meters through the optical fiber ne twainrk.In this way,HD-PLCand optical fiber networks enable power companies to prevent power theft, and to grasp the actual amount of power consumed by territorial dominion or by each household in truly time, and similarly to adjudge the amount of power supply. The was te of power can also be cut, another big advantage. Furthermore, wide spread use of the power meters withHD-PLCmodules is expected to reduce regional disparities in information, or the digital basin. 4 . undercover work OF ILLEGAL ELECTRICITY USAGE 4. 1 Methods Of Illegal Electricity UsageIn illegal consumption, a reviewer illegally use electricity in following ways 4. 1. 1 apply the automatonlike objects A subscriber can use some mechanical objects to prevent the revolution of a meter, so that disk speed is reduced and the enter energy is also reduced. 4. 1. 2 Using a fix magnet A subscriber can use a bushel magnet to change the electromagnetic field of the current paradiddles. As is surface known , the enter energy proportional to electromagnetic field. 4. 1. 3. Using the immaterial leg before meter terminals This method gives subscribers free energy without any record. . 1. 4. Switching the energy cables at the meter connector box In this way ,the current does not pass through the current coil of the meter, so the meter does not record the energy consumption. Although all of the methods explained supra whitethorn be valid for electromechanical meters, further the last two methods are valid for digital meters. 5. rendering ON PLC Most economically viable technology for transferring Meter data to DCU. Uses the technique of communicating the data over alive Electrical Lines which carry LT power to the site.PLC is a soma of confabulation technology, which uses Medium Voltage(MV) and Low Voltage(LV) distribution network as the parley media to implement transmittance of data, voice and real time image. The comp iodinents involved in PLC are the 1. Power Line Carrier Unit which provides point infection and reception. 2. There is a Coupler used for clamping around a bear wire thus injecting the communication signals into the power line. 3. PLC modem 5. 1 The monitoring strategy main(prenominal)ly has the following functions 1. Remote mete r-reading 2. Data acquisition 3. Thread PLC transmissions are synchronized to the zip fastener crossing point of the AC power line. It should be transmitted as close to the zero crossing point i. e. deep down 200 ? s. Square wave with a max Delay of 100 ? s from the zero crossing point The maximum delay amid signal envelope input and 120KHz output recrudesces is 50 ? s. Therefore, it should be pose that outputs to the within 50 ? s. 5. 2 CODE TRANSMISSION A binary 1 is represented by a 1 ms burst of 120 KHz the zero crossing point and a binary program 0 by the absence of 120 KHz. Therefore only the 1 ms envelope need be applied to their inputs.These 1 msec bursts should actually be transmitted three times to coincide with the zero crossing points of all three phases in a three phase distribution constitution. 6. DIFFERENT COUPLING UNITS. pic 7. DEFINITION ON AMR AMR(AUTOMATIC REMOTE READING) automates the service of measurement through digital communication techniques. Brin g intelligence into the gross cycle and manage it The revenue cycle includes metering, billing operating, customer and the services. 7. 1 ADVANTAGES 1. Smart automated process instead of manual work. 2. Accurate information from the network demoralise to optimise maintenance and investments . Customized rates and billing dates. 4. aerodynamic high bill investigations. 5. Detection of tampering of Meters. 6. Accurate measurement of transmission losses. 7. Better network performance and cost efficiency. 8. Demand and distribution management. 9. to a greater extent intelligence to business planning 10. Better company credibility. 8. espial AND bind governing body The proposed control organisation for the detection of illegal electricity custom is pic FIG. 8. 1 PLC signaling is only valid over the low potency -220VAC power lines. The system should be applied to every low-voltage distribution network.The system given in fig 7. 1 kick the buckets only one distribution transformer network and should be repeated for every distribution network. Although the proposed system can be used uniquely, it is better to use it with automatic meter reading system. If the AMR system will be used in any network, the host PLC unit and a PLC modem for every subscriber should be contained in this system. In fig7. 1 the host PLC unit and other PLC modems are named PLC1A,. ,PLCNA and are used for AMR. These units provide communication with each other and send the recorded data in kilowatt time of day meters to the PLC unit.In order to detect illegal usage of electrical energy, a PLC modem and an energy meter chip for every subscriber are added to an existing AMR system. As given in fig1, PLC1B,,PLCNB and energy meter chips belong to the demodulator. The detector PLCs and energy meters must be placed at the connection point amid distribution main lines and subscribers line. 8. 1 ADVANTAGE OF THIS formation Most economically viable technology for transferring Meter data to D CU. Uses the technique of communicating the data over existing Electrical Lines which carry LT power to the site.Since the connection point is usually in the air or at underground, it is not suitable for anyone to access, such that its control is easy. It is very economical and is reliable solution when it is compared with the economical loss caused by illegal usage. 8. 2 CONDITIONS FOR THIS DETECTION AND CONTROL PLC signaling must be in CENELAC standards. CENELAC has formed the standard in which the oftenness bands, signaling levels, and social function are specified. 3-9 khz are restricted for use by electricity suppliers, and 95-148. 5khz are restricted to consumer use. The signal level for the band 95-148. khz is special(a) as follows. For general use ,the signaling level is limited to 116dbV. 9. DETECTION The recorded data in kilowatt hour meters for every subscriber are sent to host PLC modem via PLC modems which are placed in subscribers locations. On the other hand energy meter chips are located in connection point and read the enrgy in kilowatthours and also send the data to host PLC unit. This proposed detector system as two recorded energy data in host PLC unit, one which comes from the AMR-PLC, and the other which comes from the PLC at the connection points.These two recorded energy data are compared in the host PLC if there is any difference between two readings an misplay signal is generated. This means that there is an illegal electricity usage in the network. by and by that, the subscriber address and error signal are combined and sent to the central control unit. If it is, requested, a contacter may be included to the system at location to turn off the energy automatically, as in the case of illegal usage 10.. ILLEGAL DETECTOR SYSTEM FOR maven SUBSCRIBER pic Fig No 10. 1 11.SYSTEM SIMULATION AND MODELLING OF THE DETECTION SYSTEM OF ILLEGAL ELECTRICITY USAGE FOR ELECTROMECHANICAL KILOWATTHOUR METERS pic Figure 11. 1 A host PLC modem, an e nergy meter chip and its PLC modem, an electromechanical kilowatthour meter and its PLC modem, and an optical reflecting telescope sensor system are loaded at the same phase of the power grid. The energy time value at the electromechanical kilowatthour meter is converted to digital data using optical reflector sensor. Disk speed of the kilowatthour meter is couted and obtained data is sent to PLC modem as energy value of the kilowatthour meter.At the system model, an illegal load may be connected to the power line before the kilowatthour meter via an S switch. While only a legal load is in the system, two meters are accorded each other to compensate for any error readings. The host PLC unit reads two recorded data coming from metering PLC units. If the S switch is closed ,illegal load is connected to the system. , and therefore two recorded energy values are variant from each other. The host PLC unit is generated when it received two different records from the same subscriber. Thi s is the detection of the illegal usage for interested users.In these, the tests, the carrier frequency is selected at 132khz, which is permitted in the CENELAC frequency band. In real application, the AMR system may be knowing in all CENELAC bands. The data rate between the host and the other PLC modem is 2400b/s. Data signaling between PLC modems has a protocol which includes a header, address, energy value data, error correction bits, and other ensuant communication bits such as parity and stop bits. The protocol may also be changed according to the properties of the required system and national power grid architecture.In the digital energy meter system, the recorded energy may be received in the digital form directly using the port of the meter. Therefore, there is no need for an optical reflector system in digital meters. 12. AN OVERVIEW OF THE PROPOSED DETECTOR SYSTEM The proposed detector system is the equipment and modus operandi for controlling more remote stations from a master control station. It includes PLC modems, energy meters, control logics, and the system parcel . 12. 1 PLC MODEMS These used for two way communication to and from the host station and the remotely controlled targets. 12. 2 null METER AND CONTROL LOGICEnergy meter includes metering chip, and some circuit element. control and logic units compare and generate the error signal in the illegal usage. 12. 3 SYTEM SOFTWARE Assembler program for the microcontroller and the operating software for the management of the overall system. Operator software may be downloaded from a PC and should be placed in the main center of the system. 13. AN AMR SYSTEM FOR AN ILLEGAL DETECTOR PERFORMS THE FOLLOWING FUNCTONS 1) 1Every user has two PLC modems one is for AMR and the other is used to send the data from second energy meter chip to host PLC modem. ) An energy meter must be connected in the connection box between a home line and main power lines. 3) The host PLC unit must be placed in the d istribution transformer and the configuration of the addressing format of PLC signaling must be designed carefully. 4. The host PLC modem and its controller must include two addresses per every user one is the AMR and the other for the energy meter. These two addresses must be selected sequentially. 5. operate software must designed for the information of every subscriber in every sub power network subscriber identification number, billing address etc. . The system has two values of energy consumption for every user, so if there is a difference between them an error signal is generated for the illegal user. 7. The proposed equipment is the only one distributed in the power network. So this system should be repeated for all distribution power networks. entirely host units in each distribution transformer maybe connected only one main center station via phone lines, fibre optic cable or RF links. 14. CONCLUSION A detector system to determine illegal electricity usage via power line communication is designed and proposed.The proposed system is examined in laboratory conditions. Obtained results from this study show that if the AMR and detector system are used together, illegal usage of electricity may detected. The system functions with real-time monitoring users and burden forecast, which uses MV&LV PLC as its transmission media. The system is integrated with power management and burden control. below power theft, the relay is switched off isolating the area of power theft from the EB side . LCD display also indicates power theft. Energy regulation does not epresent an obstacle, since PLC service does not affect the power supply and maintains separate accounts from the core utility business. Once this proposed system is tried in real power lines, the distribution losses can be reduced effectively. 15. telephone extension 1Hakki Cavdar, A solution to remote detection of illegal electricity usage via power line communication, IEEE Trans. Power Delivery,vol. 19 ,no. 4,Oct 2004. 2 T. Y. Lim and T. W. Chan, Experimenting remote kilowatt hour meter through low voltage power lines at fleshy housing areas, IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, vol. 17, pp708-711,july 2002. 3 J.Newbury and W. Miller, Multiprotocol routing for automatic remote using power line carrier systems, IEEE Trans. Power delivery,vol. 16 pp 1-5,Jan 2001. ABSTARCT Power Line Communication (PLC) presents an evoke and economical solution for automatic meter reading (AMR). If an AMR system via PLC is set in a power delivery system, a detection system for illegal electricity usage may be easily added in the existing PLC network. In the detection system, the second digitally energy meter chip is used and the value of energy is stored. The recorded energy is compared with the value at the main kilowatt-hour meter.In the case of difference between two recorded energy data, in error signal is generated and transmitted via PLC network. The detector and control system is proposed. The archit ecture of the system and their critical components are given. This report describes a prototype of the detector system for illegal electricity usage using the power lines. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I am thankful to Prof. Sukumaran P R ,Head of the Department for providing me with the facilities for the seminar. I would also express my sincere gratitude to Mrs. Rajashree Raghavan ,for her guidance and untarnished cooperation for preparing and presenting the seminar.Above all I thank all the faculties of the EEE Department and my friends for their moral go for and encouragement. CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION01 2. WHAT IS POWER THEFT? 02 3. How is PLC installed ? 03 4. DETECTION OF ILLEGAL ELECTRICITY USAGE04 5. DESCRIPTION ON PLC05 6. DETECTION AND CONTROL SYSTEM07 7. ILLEGAL DETECTOR SYSTEM FOR sensation SUBSCRIBER10 8. SYSTEM SIMULATION AND MODELLING OF THE DETECTION SYSTEM OF ILLEGAL ELECTRICITY USAGE FOR ELECTROMECHANICAL KILOWATTHOUR METERS11 9. AN OVERVIEW OF THE PROPOSED DETECTOR SYSTEM13 10. CONCLUSION15 11. REFERENCE16